Revolutionary violence

 Years as a visiting home during the holidays, the survey, in my office called twice for her seminar, participants were junior high school classmate of the year. her book for a detailed description of the incident and questioning. a years ago I had written a similar article in the blog, been a number of verbal abuse and physical attacks. However, the past year, the year I did not stop questioning and investigating the incident, I am familiar with the alumni, seniors, and some school friends are doing . Even the different views, we can sit together to discuss, from different angles to observe, study the same thing, to be more abundant harvest. to ascertain the circumstances surrounding an event may not be so difficult, most difficult problem is that the Cultural Revolution mm Why is this happening?
Ye Weili: my first experience of violence in about 66 years in July. a struggle that the General Assembly held in Beijing, and the scene is very large, I later recall should be in the Beijing Workers Stadium. our schools went. will be open in the evening, I forget who struggle, just remember the course of the meeting was suddenly washed down from the stands, playing those few are the object of struggle. I was horrified, blurted out not allowed to hit! for the first time witnessed the violence, in the twilight of an ancient Roman arena as the venue for that.
stimulated me the most is our Vice President, Party branch secretary Bian been killed, it is August 5 in things.
winter horse laugh: We later heard that school is a big issue in Beijing.
Ye Weili: This is the as the Education in Jiangsu Province killed a couple of sessions, but also the beginning of August, just twelve days earlier than Bian. Bian killed dead man opened the first of its kind in Beijing. Female High School is known for good schools, but also a woman school, female students were killed Bian is particularly incredible. Why, hey girl can, then won the hand of ruthless? dead person's time in early August, the moment itself is not doing? these years I kept thinking about these issues. < br> 7, when the end of our school team of people in Hebei Xingtai military training, family background is very their task is to engage in sports, school leaders and teachers involved in a crossed classification. teachers did not go to military training, to stay all clearance tests. our school because it is the principal leaders have been designated as ) plus the I went to Xingtai the. was said to be a month of military training, the result halted a week, notify us immediately back to Beijing, it should be will result into a farewell party. We do not know what things hastily boarded the train back to Beijing. under the train station walk directly from the back to school, entered the school to withdraw the Working Group heard that come with us. back fat female deputy head of the working group, face a shock to hear this news. From the first school leaders stand aside to withdraw the second working group, in just two months in the fall of the authority. Although This is the second, but no impact smaller than the first. Since then schools have no authority, and wants us to We left Beijing for this short period of time, bustling Beijing. Zedong July 18 to return to Beijing from the south, on July 24 decided to withdraw the working group, July 29 on behalf of the CPC Beijing Municipal Party Committee Secretary Li Xuefeng in the Great Hall announced the withdrawal of the Working Group. is that of Deng Xiaoping at the meeting about the out from the background, coming to the fore. The scene is very dramatic, but also symbolic. From then on hair from the as one. I think now of the Cultural Revolution, the late July to middle August, this period of lack of sufficient attention, this is a very critical, the Cultural Revolution We want to better understand the case and the death of president at the relationship between the historical background.
Mao decided to remove the Working Group, put the Communist movement in previous decades, the conventions broken. break after that, you will find upper extreme chaos, confusion to Liu and Deng did not deny that they know what to do, and Li Xuefeng, Wu also expressed his memoirs do not know how to engage the Cultural Revolution. Liu and Deng led the Cultural Revolution, said the practice is just Add the The Working Group has been suppressed.
Liu and Deng became the victims of the Cultural Revolution, the official history of this period the Cultural Revolution, Liu and Deng's oppressive enough to talk about. by their children, Liu Shaoqi, a middle school in Normal, Deng Xiaoping Normal female middle school students in the whole reaction, the situation is there. Of course, the working group emphasized that Liu and Deng during the violence is a there have been violent, Liu Shaoqi made specifically for this file, against the bucket will not remember. Later, I heard Bian also wrote up the complaint, when she was able to express their views. to August, the situation is different, a completely trampled. and this phase of the violence, in my opinion to, in the called interaction, Tsinghua High School Red Guards as he wrote to support them. hair is very good at, Gross as it is to lead them on the stage of history. If the hair does not allow them to come up, they simply can not go to Taiwan. Qinghua Middle School Red Guards set up, marking the party organizations outside the emergence of an independent student organization. It is not in the past Imagine, if set up is the first. and Jiang Qing, who played on this role in fueling the poor, her management of the PENG Meng North High School called trench comrades. Unfortunately missed the revolutionary war, and now they think : This idea of children of cadres in the winter ridge representation. after the withdrawal of the working group, students kicked a stumbling block to do it myself revolution, many cadres, eager to prove their children have the ability. I later saw a 16-year-old diary written by the children of cadres, the end of July he attended the first meeting with Jiang in Beijing will be high school students (Jiang also officially unveiled at this time). boy wrote that (effect): North High School red, Tsinghua University Middle School Red Guards had knife wear very bright, where my knife? this diary represents children who are eligible for the psychological revolution, ready to go ahead, exposing an murderous.
poor family background of students has become dingy. our class a students born later recalled capitalists, ; such students is the fear of mental, nervous, I feel the next target is himself. while students from families in general are eager to prove himself to the revolution. the mentality of the different groups of students is worth studying, you can help us understand various types of student performance in beating the day. In general, the working group after the withdrawal, the school was filled with restless atmosphere.
winter horse laugh: Who was your school affairs?
Ye Weili: the barely known steward of the legacy of the Working Group more than prestige, together with the emergence of couplets, gave it a shot in the arm, because its members are mainly among the children, then became the most noble blood of people (although it is probably not the main members of the couplet fanatical advocates, but it was that way in a situation objectively.) junior high school in my eyes that it is only the working group left the school governing bodies, but its position is fragile and uncertain, lack of authority, like a place or maintain would stay.
8 月 4 of the afternoon began to beat. According to Vice President Hu Zhitao memories, there are seven or eight students rushed into the room where Hu and Bian, to beat them badly. So far no one knows those students who do not know a lot of people hit, and I heard that many years before. It is obvious that the chaos and anarchy.
8 月 4 the afternoon After being hit, Bian, and Hu Zhitao very different reaction. Bian go home to her husband said, there seems to presentiment. Hu Zhitao it, August 4 to our school that night across the West District complain to them and said, Back home, she saw her injured husband said, Although there are problems, but also some constraints on the level of violence. The Working Group had gone, there is no constraint.
winter horse laugh: Do you do school leaders are woman?
Ye Weili: The two main leaders, Bian and Hu Zhitao, is a woman. The next morning Hu Zhitao not honestly go back to school, but went to the Beijing Municipal Committee for the protection. municipal care, the Office of the Cultural Revolution, she sticks to the middle school, secondary school that we just established the Office of the Cultural Revolution, could not tube. In fact Hu Zhitao seriousness of the problem has been to say to all levels of organization is very clear: a considerable degree of paralysis of the face of unexpected situations do nothing.
from now to see the material we know, intense inner-party struggle early August, the upper re-shuffle, saying that earthquakes can not be overstated ten 1 .8 Eighth, Central Eleventh Plenary meeting, on the fourth day is Aug. 4 fell out of Mao Liu, Liu blamed the central suppress the student movement led by No. .5 Mao wrote that day, ; (issued August 7 plenary), the same day, Liu Shaoqi, Mao's command to recover three urban areas, as well as our small school, what kind of history in the scene. Bian died at this very moment.
winter horse laugh: is not beating the Red Guards?
Ye Weili: I have asked many people this question. It was agreed the impression that playing in the August 5 leaders of the school day, our school has no Red Guard. seem to explain anything, but history is not so easily explained.
beat I will not be on campus, and several classmates went out. Working Group dismissed after nobody attendance, discipline is not strict. I Later, back to school, now in retrospect, the time should be four or five o'clock. I remember, I felt the atmosphere of a Jinjiao Men wrong, just come over the face is to teach English Wang, I saw her frightened face obviously avoided and the exchange we have any vision. She is very tall, some hump, come on Su Zhao body, root against the wall, as if desperately want to own smaller. one after another came a number of other teachers and students, There are also all look different. I think not, it must be something wrong. Some of my classmates to see, listen to their people is high and one dry first. Later, a student who started our school year, writing in the online an article, said she saw some high school students to the school office doors leading extrusion scene. Huzhi Tao afternoon had to return to school, to school soon began to fight people, and time around 2:30 or so. A escorting school students led by onlookers who said the leaders of the school why fight it? because the working group at the time of their stay in the house the old, too comfortable, it is now to be playing their prestige. (effect)
Later, my classmates said that an important condition, that is, when the leaders of the school fight, the radio was telling everyone out there who went to each class of people called out to the classroom, so many witnesses are reluctant at present . do this thing people do not want a secret, but to everybody else point of view, this attitude is noteworthy.
winter horse laugh: people fighting cadres initiated the children do?
Ye Weili: I believe that is the children of cadres based, then the revolution is to have qualified. I think it is important to emphasize. And I also believe that once formed the Red Guards, who may have been the Red Guards. But the day on August 5 they were not in the name of the Red Guards dry.
the witnesses saw the pieces together, the process is roughly like this: inside the school leaders were brought out from the floor, is the first meeting after the charge came out around the school building or the first parade I do not know. In began the process through the streets playing, is playing with wooden nails, and may be used off the bench leg or table leg, said a dozen people to see a hole in the blood. back to wearing them to do with the wastepaper basket flattery. One of my classmates saw through the streets, she said Hu Zhitao first lap swim or white shirt, came on the second lap became black, she also wondered how Hu Zhitao have time to change, so a closer look The ink is poured. The students all of a sudden felt a cold hit, the day they can be stuffy and hot. She said that out of the cold is from the heart, she still clinging to his shoulders shaking from the heart. She is very sympathetic to the school leaders can be immediately want: how can I pity them? I was not the right? It was thought at the time a student activity.
the meeting, these leaders turn up their criticism, a total of five people: Bian, Hu Zhitao , Liu Zhiping, Mei Shumin, Yu Wang ice. headmaster Yu Wang Bing went on, crying themselves hoarse. and then let the leaders of the school reform through labor, Tam Special Shen loess, but also hard to implement the soil to shoot. Huzhi Tao Bian remember whispered to her ; bear fixed how to do? is most powerful when played. Bian's husband, Mr. Wang was asked a worker at the scene, when the largest number of workers said that several hundred people, and there should be the presence of many who reluctantly. How many people do hands-on ? our class had a student say, They later from where land is separately bear away, under the surveillance of the student labor. Huzhi Tao was taken to the back yard is very hard to hand pull the dirty toilet urinal cover, from a high school student is responsible for monitoring, as well as Several students in other grades. Hu supervision of people know her before the Cultural Revolution was a model student. Bian student dormitory was taken to labor camps. did not clear up while she is down, or a dormitory building on the steps to fell short, she fell in the dormitory door, and then when it fell to.
Bian fallen after being placed in a rubbish car, parked in the backyard, pulled away from the place near the north gate. this time she has incontinence. Her body was covered by newspapers, broken characters and pressure on the broom. I am a student, one who suddenly felt cold, this time to hear snoring snore throat Bian's ring. Later She studied medicine, know the sound of that life has been very weak. out of the north gate is two minutes of Posts and Telecommunications Hospital, but was delayed until after an hour or two to the hospital only then Bian. to send a student representative who will, There are also some teachers. It is said that before a teacher would like to send to the Bianjiao Zhang a change clothes, but her clothes and flesh has been glued together, tied down. her eyes full of sand inside the eye is not moving.
Ma smiled winter: there is gas you people?
Ye Weili: It is said there, but Qiruoyousi, and to the hospital shortly after he died. death certificate said the cause of death is unknown, but added that she had injuries. to add that Hu Zhitao and three other leaders of the school day by the bucket, have also been devastated both physically and mentally, just check the Mania only. HU waist serious injuries and was interrupted several ribs, I heard that later have been wearing a vest The top-level officials, high school seniors. She said one impressed me the most is the students sitting in a chair, no one move, extremely quiet, really can hear a pin fall. I am scared of static interpretation is silly. a real person, our school leaders, it is so dead a? also ; dead, died, After hearing the situation, thought for a long time before speaking, speak no expression on his face. He talked about the effect that: things have happened, and they die they die, and be careful not to spread rumors. This is the night to see the Wu A student later told me. In other words, the next morning on behalf of declaration of death would have to say Bian is the Wu's original words. The students said that we grew up in peacetime, not seen blood and death , Bian for her death is a serious event. while her father was affected, because the family situation, she has some sympathy Bian, with no clear issue Bian people died, was justified . She did not think Wu would like his attitude. because of Wu's identity, his words are authoritative, equal to the Bian dead tone.
attitude of the leadership of the Party is worth pondering. just said that on August 4 , 5 of those days, China's top political situation mutations. Wu himself is a Central Committee alternate members, are eligible to attend the Eleventh Plenum of the upper should be aware of the change. Wu Bian death of position, which reflects for his top political impact of the mutation, like the first day or two urban levels of staff to pray for the protection of life supplicate Hu Zhitao ignored, as reflecting the withdrawal of the Working Group in late July turbulent since the consequences of the situation. If this account , Bian's death to more than one meaning, it is not an isolated incident of school violence, but with the background of China was closely linked to politics.
I later asked some students in our class, everyone on the 6 the day of memory and radio are not the same reaction. have a classmate born capitalists, there is a word she remembered the radio is they must honestly say that puppy, or else the same fate. this sentence I have no impression other students can not remember, but the student said she heard. Jiaoren the day before she was led down to see the school fight. She was afraid of blood, to see blood on the halo, but she did not dare not to see. Another mother of a classmate early death, not her stepmother. Bian she heard the news of death, Bian immediately think of the children began to lose his mother, to be out of luck. it looks like people's memories and reactions to events, and each person's plight a lot. My reaction is that if the revolution is violence, then I would never be revolutionary. Now looking back, I thought, or because I am qualified to revolution, and a former classmate of the capitalists, it is not as inappropriate revolutionaries of the problem, but do not be honest, that is the object of a revolution.
Bian, I privately called her for students, she and I have no personal contact. the only time outside of her impression in the spring of 1966, I and my mother met her at the Wangfujing Department Store. She then suggested my mother bought me a bright color cashmere large scarf, that the future can be a dowry. I listened to was surprised, dowry for our generation is a strange term, but usually from a mouthful of words revolutionary truths of the school leaders lips a bit weird. I the scarf is not happy, feel it takes too much, but I still buy my mother, and 22 dollars, not a small figure at the time. buy it back on after the box, and then soon the Cultural Revolution, and where also dare to wear? many years later, this scarf from the bottom to find out, it has faded, above a moth-eaten holes. I put it to the U.S. came. saw the muffler I think of Aunt Bian, considered a mark it.
Bian death has not played man to stand up for recognition. But in a very long time aging in my mind the image of two people in Akira, are high one. a big fat face, a tall and thin. The two men have done one thing that I remember them. after the Cultural Revolution began a working group of teachers organized students to visit some quarters, let's look at their class life, are unremarkable people, is to use this approach to humiliate teachers. to a female teacher's home, she is not only a one-year-old nanny holding the baby. We take that class in high school behind I saw two people spit the child. I am very disgusted, thinking that even if the child's mother wicked, child crime? can they do this, no one would dare to speak. Bian beating death Someone told me there are two individuals, I suddenly felt particularly likely. today, now think about it, everyone in the teacher's house when the silence was in fact contributed to their evil flame.
Bian's death gave me the stimulation of deep, even to the United States has done had a nightmare. Over the years, I took the question: is a group of girls the best students in China, how can the Cultural Revolution began and within two months to make such appalling things to? you say how is it? This is the female students with the matter? Some researchers call this phenomenon as there is no solid data to prove that girls than boys hard, I can cite many examples to demonstrate the boys hit very hard, so this argument can not convince me.
winter horse laugh: women and three students killed in their principal. Many people do have the impression that female Red Guards particularly intense. But to say that women's violence and sexual repression are related, this argument can not convince me.
Ye Weili: I still wonder why we have violence of this generation capacity. is generally more strongly against the oppression of the deeper, such as the Red Detachment of Women, participants are Kudachoushen, and their revolution, it is very firm. can be a good school that does not apply to female students, they are pampered Social favorite. say we do not personally experienced the Cultural Revolution violence. film on the novel there, but that is the enemy of the revolutionaries torture is something negative.
winter horse laugh: You can at least do not oppose our education in violence, the If a person fell into the discussion, or he must first find out what class it? to the Cultural Revolution to become a person who is the terrible political culture.
special approval before the Cultural Revolution a large number of paternalism, as did the spirit of the Cultural Revolution did to prepare. I remember a movie called condemned, it is painful. I started quite sympathetic Ma Jiahui, and later approved this movie was a mess, said landscaping traitor, I immediately grant himself, to mind to come, to love and hate clear. to the revolution have to talk about the position You either stand here or over there, there is no middle path. my mind a little tender things, wanted to not have a problem? I have often had some of the petty-bourgeois sentiment, this sentiment comes oppose I criticize their own hard. I'm old leather own life, the old judge ourselves.
Ye Weili: ah you want to be revolutionaries. I think the young students during the Cultural Revolution hit, there is one important reason is the revolution of worship. < br> Ma smiled Winter: Report class overthrows another of violence is inevitable and necessary. how to engage. with a hat parade in the form, not the invention of the Cultural Revolution, is the > Let's talk about the revolution of this generation's worship, I even think we hit became , mainly the children of cadres. think of it is really ironic, start playing Bian, Hu who, when sitting in the audience listening to Hu Zhitao to say In my thinking for a long time, that is capable of violence is that most people are still a few people?
winter horse laugh: Your question reminds me of a documentary film about the Cultural Revolution, which has a woman interviewed in the year the Red Guards, presented himself can not answer a question she had been. One day the students in her class to fight against a capitalist, she went to late, to the time that the capitalists have been killed. Later, she kept asking myself if she was present, , will also play on? She said she is not sure he must not do it. class other people can get involved, why can not she? she and others are no different.
Ye Weili: What she means is that most people are likely under certain conditions of violence?
winter horse laugh: I think it means.
Ye Weili: our class heard about the day after the death of Bian, stayed motionless for a long time to My impression too. I think we all froze. That scene made me feel, for the violence, most people feel the strongest is fear the most direct and can start beating the minority. because of fear, and no one dare up the block, which in fact acquiesced evil.